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Myelin sheath is the protective covering that surrounds the axons of the nerve fibers present in the body. It helps nerve signals travel faster along the axons and increases the efficiency of their conduction. The myelin sheath for the nerve cells of the central nervous system is formed by oligodendrocytic cells. In contrast, Schwann cells are responsible for myelinating the nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system. Demyelinating diseases occur when the myelin sheath of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system is damaged, but the axons are preserved. Due to the loss of the myelin sheath, several clinical deficits are seen due to the effect on the transmission of electrical impulses. Later, severe neurological conditions can develop because of increased damage and, in turn, slow impulses.