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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system in which your body’s immune system reacts abnormally against the protective covering (myelin sheath) around the nerves present in your brain and spinal cord, Due to which, the nerves are unable to send signals to the rest of the body, and so affecting communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the body. Due to varying amounts of destruction, the symptoms can range from paraesthesias (pin-like sensations) to paralysis. . It is a chronic illness characterized by acute attacks of neurological symptoms that are months or years apart and affects different parts of the body resulting in physical and mental disability.
The actual cause of the disease is unknown, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to play a role. Environmental factors such as smoking, viral infection, low Vitamin D levels can trigger a reaction in genetically susceptible patients.
Multiple sclerosis is incurable. It is managed by controlling the acute symptoms and preventing further episodes.