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Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as heart attack, results when there is necrosis or irreversible death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen to that muscle. Lack of oxygen occurs when there is an imbalance in the demand and supply of oxygen. The oxygen supply is interrupted as the coronary arteries are narrowed due to plaque rupture and thrombus formation.
The severity of MI or heart attack depends upon the duration and extent of ischemia (lack of oxygen) and the type of heart muscle involved. It is one of the leading causes of death in the world. In the United States alone, there are 1.5 million cases of myocardial infarction reported per year.