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Electrolyte imbalance happens when the concentration (amount) of electrolytes in the body is not at normal levels. Electrolytes, which are charged particles, are found in our bodies. They carry a charge which can be positive or negative and so can conduct current when dissolved in water. Just as the electric current is needed by the electrical appliances in our homes to work, the processes running in our body also need a little current to function properly. Electrolytes are crucial, whether it’s a muscle of the beating heart or a muscle of the limbs, a process of thinking, or a signal of making a protein. A strict balance of electrolytes is maintained by the homeostatic mechanisms of our body, of which kidneys play a vital role. Kidneys and electrolytes work in collaboration to regulate the homeostasis of our bodies' fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base status.
Any changes in these levels can disrupt the body processes resulting in signs and symptoms ranging from nausea, vomiting, fatigue, irritability, arrhythmias, seizures, coma, and death.
These changes usually result from loss of fluid during strenuous exercise in the form of sweat or conditions like diarrhea and vomiting. Some other diseases, medicines, or conditions may also cause electrolyte imbalance.
Children and older adults are the vulnerable populations to be severely affected by dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, so it should be vigilantly managed in them.